Upon investigation, it turned out that the problem is this: The TARGET_TOPTS environment variable is observed by the config-target.pl script only if there's no option specified (for example 'config-target.pl start'). As soon as an option is specified (like 'config-target.pl -in 1 start') the environment variable is no longer observed. Since Workbench always specifies an instance number, this leads to TARGET_TOPTS never being observed. This is inconsistent, and also means that TARGET_TOPTS can only ever influence quemu instance #0. The interesting workflow would be setting globally 'export TARGET_TOPTS="-gc -m 2048"' such that any QEMU would always start with 2Gig and graphics console. This workflow seems easier than doing "make config-target". Is such a workflow desired? We're passing the defect over to the WRL team for analysis. Is TARGET_TOPTS documented and when is it expected to be available ? - Feel free to degrade priority if you don't think the issue is relevant.