In the kernel default configuration, CONFIG_VFIO_NOIOMMU is enabled for marvell-cn96xx and cn106xx. This does not seem a good configuration to be enabled by default, based on its descriptiom: [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/drivers/vfio/Kconfig?h=v5.15.71#n32] "Use of this mode will result in an unsupportable kernel and will therefore taint the kernel. Device assignment to virtual machines is also not possible with this mode since there is no IOMMU to provide DMA translation." This configuration should be disabled.